Agricultural Biodiversity

Up until recently, fresh beans were grown on the bottom of columns in greenhouses as intermediate products in order to utilize space. However, for the last few years, fresh bean cultivation has been accomplished via the monoculture method. Fresh beans are not selective in soil and can thrive in sandy, sandy loam and humus soil. Bean growing is more difficult in salty soils.

Speaking of salt, irrigation water should not be salty either. Beans grow well under 6.1 – 7.4 pH degrees and are sensitive to cold. The minimum temperature required for seed germination is 50 F while the optimum temperature required is 68 F – 77 F during their development period and 64 – 68F during their flowering period. The temperature of the soil should be 64 F.

Fresh beans are not selective during the duration of daylight exposure. In greenhouses, fresh beans are grown in warm seasons (particulary in spring) by shadowing them. In this way, the temperature in a greenhouse is reduced during hot weather. On the other hand, there is no need for shadowing during the autumn season.

Beans do not like excessive humidity

Beans do not like excessive humidity during their flowering period since this causes the failure of their seed set. However, they require 60 – 70% water in the soil they are planted in. Irrigation should be done accordingly. There should not be much air current or a high level of humidity/temperature.

There are two cropping periods to consider when fresh beans are grown in a greenhouse — the fall season and the spring season. Cropping is done in the middle of September during the autumn and in the middle of December during the springtime.

The greenhouse in which the fresh beans are grown must be solarized or disinfected with chemicals during the summer, just as it is typically done for the other greenhouse products.

In addition, the ventilation windows of the greenhouse should be covered with a material which will allow air to enter but discourage insects from passing through (particularly during the fall season in order to protect against viruses). After tilling the soil for plantation, masuras are must be prepared for the double-row method with spacings of 45x20x15 inches.

One hour before drilling, soil should be left under warm chemical water in order to protect against diseases and harmful factors. 1-2 swollen seeds must be placed into each planting hole and covered with soil. Soil should not be humid during this process. Watering should not be done until the seeds are germinated and the cotyledon and first set of real leaves come up. Otherwise, seed decaying occurs due to excess water.

What to do, When the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves ?

When the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves, hoeing should be done. Trellising structures should be created by lacing twines on each row. This process should be done expeditiously, otherwise the plants will not grow effectively. Fresh beans have an innate twining quality. Once a bean plant clings to a trellis, it twines around the trellis and grows upright. There is no need for twisting it or pruning. Water should be given in small portions until the first formation of beans. When the beans begin to grow, they will need more water and thus the amount of water will increased along with the interval time (which will be reduced).

Which chemicals need to use ?

In the production of greenhouse beans, a controlled amount of organic fertilizers must be added to the soil. Prior to greenhouse solarization, 4-5 tons of stall fertilizer should be applied per thousand square meters.
Upon the first real irrigation, irrigation as well as fertilization should be applied during the growing period.
In one growing period, a total of  8-12 kg nitrogen (N), 10-12 kg phosphorus (P2O5) and 12-15 kg potassium (K2O) should be applied in pure form.

In fresh beans, the potential for self fertilization is 99%. Before the plants flower, the male and female organs are mature enough for fertilization and once the fertilization process is accomplished, flowers develop. Dry and hot weather during the fertilization period have a negative impact on the fruit set. The fruit (which is a bean) becomes small, it curls up, and then it turns yellow and falls off.

In fresh bean growing, beans should be harvested when they are mature and green. The fruit is a bean and there are seeds between the two carpel leaves. Harvesting should not be done before the seeds are filled and before the beans are in their place. There are three typical bean shapes: flat with curled ends, an open C or S letter.

In the event of diseases or pests, chemical control should be taken in accordance with the Technical Guidelines of Agricultural Control.